About this Unit
The 685th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (ACW Squadron) was a United States Air Force unit activated during the early years of the Cold War. Established in 1953, the squadron was tasked with operating radar sites for air defense, providing early warning and ground-controlled interception against potential aerial threats. The 685th ACW Squadron was assigned to various Air Defense Command sectors and played a crucial role in the continental air defense network. The unit was inactivated in 1963 as part of a broader reorganization and modernization of air defense systems.
Historical Facts
• Cold War Origins: The 685th Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) Squadron was activated during the height of the Cold War, responding to growing concerns about Soviet bomber threats to North America.
• Founded in 1951: The unit was first activated on November 1, 1951, as part of a rapid expansion of the United States’ air defense network.
• Stationed at Las Cruces: The squadron was based at Las Cruces Air Force Station, New Mexico, where it operated radar systems to monitor American airspace.
• Early Warning Mission: Its primary role was to provide early warning and ground control interception guidance to defend against potential airborne attacks.
• Radar Technology: The 685th operated cutting-edge radar systems for its time, which included the AN/FPS-3 search radar and the AN/FPS-6 height-finder radar.
• Integration with SAGE: In the late 1950s, the squadron became part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, which was a revolutionary computer network for coordinating air defense.
• Personnel and Operations: The squadron was composed of radar operators, technicians, and support staff, many of whom served long tours at the remote and often challenging Las Cruces site.
• Deactivation: The 685th AC&W Squadron was inactivated on August 1, 1963, as improvements in radar coverage and the changing nature of threats led to the consolidation of air defense units.
• Legacy: The site and squadron left a legacy of innovation in radar and air defense, with veterans often recalling the camaraderie and importance of their mission during tense global times.
• Commemoration: While the original Las Cruces Air Force Station is no longer active, the contributions of the 685th AC&W Squadron are remembered by military historians and veterans organizations.
